![]() ![]() When a magnetic field is applied to a medium, the electrons in the medium find it easier to rotate in one direction around the magnetic field than in the other. We can give a qualitative explanation for Faraday effect. So if H is constant over the optical path, we then get: Where V is a constant known as the Verdet constant: V is a constant for any given material, but is wavelength and temperature dependent. The magnitude of the rotation due to a field, H, over a path length, L is given by: A second linear polarizer is used to analyze the result. A linear polarizer allow light of one polarization into the cell. In this setup, the magnetic field is set up so that the field lines are along the direction of the optical beam propagation. However, a half century passed before an explanation of the Faraday effect was formulated in terms of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light (developed in the 1860's) and the concept of the atomicity of charge which had evolved during the 19th century under the influence of electrochemistry and been validated by Thomson's discovery of the electron in 1897. ![]() Thus he established for the first time a direct connection between optics and electromagnetism - a connection he had long suspected to exist and for which he had searched for many years. In 1845 Faraday discovered that a magnetic field in the direction of propagation of a light beam in a transparent medium produces the effects of circular birefringence. The essence of Faraday effect or Faraday rotation is that it shows the interaction between light and a magnetic field in a medium. ![]()
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